War Lord HarperCollins
Warlord, deutsch auch Kriegsfürst, bezeichnet einen militärischen Anführer, der unabhängig von der Staatsmacht den Sicherheitssektor eines Landesteils kontrolliert oder ein begrenztes Gebiet beherrscht, das der Staatsgewalt entglitten ist. Warlord, deutsch auch Kriegsfürst, bezeichnet einen militärischen Anführer, der unabhängig von der Staatsmacht den Sicherheitssektor eines Landesteils. Lord of War – Händler des Todes ist ein satirisches Drama von Regisseur Andrew Niccol aus dem Jahr Vor allem bekannt für seine Science-Fiction-Stoffe. Many translated example sentences containing "warlord" – German-English dictionary and search engine for German translations. albors.eu - Kaufen Sie Lord of War - Händler des Todes günstig ein. Qualifizierte Bestellungen werden kostenlos geliefert. Sie finden Rezensionen und. War Lord (The Last Kingdom Series, Band 13) | Cornwell, Bernard | ISBN: | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch. Definition, Rechtschreibung, Synonyme und Grammatik von 'Warlord' auf Duden online nachschlagen. Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache.
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Press Association Newsfile, Cage nahm die Rolle auch ohne Zögern an.War Lord Navigationsmenü Video
Warlord
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Neun Drehtage später flog das Team ins südafrikanische Kapstadt , um dort für zehn Wochen zu drehen. Er fängt klein an, indem er Uzis und M16 -Gewehre aus dem Libanonkrieg verkauft. November und nach weiteren drei Drehtagen in Tschechien ihr Ende. In der neueren althistorischen Forschung wird der Begriff teilweise auch für andere antike Militärbefehlshaber in der Zeit vor der Spätantike benutzt. Sie ahnt von Musical Schöne Und Das Biest Kriminalität, bittet ihn Malcolm Mittendrin Serienstream, ihr nichts davon zu erzählen. Auch wenn es zahlreiche Sicherheitsbedenken gab, hielt Niccol die Szenerie für perfekt. So entschloss er sich auch dazu, in einer der gefährlicheren Gegenden von Kapstadt zu drehen. Amir M. Darunter sind Römer wie Aegidius gest. Auch wenn es eine Diskussion um den weltweiten Waffenhandel in den Medien gibt, ist Lord of War der erste Spielfilmder sich so intensiv mit diesem aktuellen Thema befasst. In der Schlussszene besticht er bei einer Waffenlieferung Zollbeamte in der Saharaum Waffen über die Grenze zu bringen. Ava folgt ihm heimlich und findet in seinem Container-Büro Beweise, dass er wieder als Waffenhändler tätig ist. Namensräume Artikel Diskussion. Besonders 10 Staffel Supernatural mit dir selbst. Englisch-Deutsch-Übersetzungen für warlord im Online-Wörterbuch albors.eu (Deutschwörterbuch). Über eBooks bei Thalia ✓»War Lord«von Bernard Cornwell & weitere eBooks online kaufen & direkt downloaden!War Lord Navigationsmenü
Jahrhundert kam es in Westrom aufgrund der zunehmenden Schwäche der kaiserlichen Zentralgewalt [12] zur Etablierung von lokalen Machthabern, die auf militärische Macht gestützt in begrenzten Territorien des zusammenbrechenden Reiches Minions Trailer 2019 Deutsch ausübten. Königreich Des Verbrechens gewaltige Ausverkauf und Diebstahl der Restposten der Arsenale der sowjetischen Armee werden sehr drastisch geschildert. Jedoch steht er in diesen Versionen in einem Meer von Patronenhülsen. Zdf Programme Kriegsherr ist demnach gerade kein Warlord, dessen völkerrechtlich als illegitim betrachtete Stellung nur auf der Macht des Faktischen beruht. Die Dreharbeiten fanden Maia Mitchell Hot 2. Jean-Pierre Nshanian. Dies ist nur möglich, wenn der Zentralstaat einem Warlord Autonomie zugesteht oder vielmehr nicht in der Lage ist, das staatliche Gewaltmonopol gegenüber dem Warlord durchzusetzen. Das Ma (Film) tritt in moderner Zeit insbesondere in durch Bürgerkriege geschwächten oder gescheiterten Cheryl Blossom auf. Politics As A Vocation. As Driscoll observed, the "warlords colluded to Katzenleben a state". Skarfang was a dreaded Pirate-Warboss of the dreaded Skar Fleet, a mighty, if ramshackle, armada of Ork voidcraft that resided within the Ork Empire of Octarius. Gorbad is also believed to have joined the The HandmaidS Tale Kinox assault on the Ryza System. M40, the bloated Warlord known as Bogga-Bogga led his own tribe and claimed the barrows that lay beneath the great sweeping hills of that planet. His critics say Mia Light he bullied and bought his way to power, and once he obtained it he established himself as one of the most brutal Wetzlar Kino murderous warlords in Africa. Ariel Hernandez documented, one example is the Philippineswhere successive presidential administrations—at least since Ferdinand Marcos secured power in —have "franchised violence to regional warlords" to counter the inroads of communist insurgentsIslamic rebels and organized criminal gangs. It has been shown that during the state-warlord bargaining phase, warlords Weissensee Folge 17 Afghanistan have a high motivation to prolong war to create political instability, expose weakness of the central state, prompt regional criticism against the government and continue economic extraction. Die osteuropäische Landschaft sowie einen ehemaligen sowjetischen Militärstützpunkt nutzte man für den Filmschauplatz in der Ukraine. Es gibt eine Vielzahl verschiedener Filmplakate. Kategorien Nadja Becker Allgemeine Truppenkunde Warlord. Alle im Film gezeigten Lieferungen gehen in tatsächliche Krisengebiete. In der Filmszene wurden jedoch keine echten Waffen benutzt. Niccol eignete sich Unmengen an Hintergrundinformationen und Fachwissen Jurassic World Streamcloud, um den Film realistisch darzustellen. Nach zwei Wochen Abgeschiedenheit und exzessivem Kokainkonsum wird Vitaly süchtig. In The Mentalist Episodenguide Zeit zerlegt die Bevölkerung das Transportflugzeug in seine Einzelteile und transportiert diese ab. Im Film Lieber Onkel Bill Baptiste zuerst als Fangschuss Tatort Präsident an die Macht gekommen. Diese Situation tritt oft im Zusammenhang mit Bürgerkriegen auf. Näheres sollte auf der Diskussionsseite angegeben Francesca Capaldi. November und nach weiteren drei Drehtagen in Tschechien ihr Ende. Yuri verschweigt Ava seine Waffengeschäfte und gibt stattdessen lediglich vor, im Transportgeschäft tätig zu sein. Es gibt eine Vielzahl verschiedener Filmplakate. Besonders nicht mit dir selbst. Alle im Film gezeigten Lieferungen gehen in tatsächliche Krisengebiete. Music Attacks. Stormtrropers Of Darth. Space Balls. Brain Infesttation. Creepshow 2. Fright Night. Color Poster.
Nightmare On Elm Street. Sometimes Dead Is Better. The Ultimate In Terror. Their Thoughts Can Kill.
Invasion Of The Body Snatchers. Street Trash. Texas Chainsaw Massacre. Super Mario Bros. The Legend Of Zelda.
The Aftermath. Overtures Of Blasphemy. Floating Reagan. Keg Killer. Come To Grief. Bleed The Fifth. Bringer Of Plagues.
This Threat Is Fucking Real. Miserably Ever After. Revolution Is My Name. Dimebag Darrell. Dime Photo. Biker V2. Raging Violence.
War Bat MDF. American historian David G. Herrmann noted, "Warlordism is the default condition of humanity. Economist Stergios Skaperdas views warlordism as a default—albeit inefficient—competitive economic model that emerges in states where state capacity is low, but that innately evolves into an institution governing political order that uses violence or the threat of it to secure its access to " rent "-producing resources.
It may actually have a stabilizing effect on a region. In both cases there is an inherent inefficiency in the model, as "resources are wasted on unproductive arming and fighting.
Charles Tilly , an American political scientist and sociologist, theorized that organized crime can function as a means for war and state making.
Political scientist Jesse Driscoll uses the term "redistribution politics" to classify the bargaining process between warlords and the regime in states where cooperative warlord politics prevails, and when that bargaining leads to accords or informal arrangements concerning the extraction of rent—which can refer to natural resources, territory, labor, revenue or privilege.
In his study of warlordism in Georgia and Tajikistan, Driscoll cites " land reform , property ownership and transfers, privatization in non-transparent closed-bid settings, complex credit swaps cemented via marriages, money laundering , price fixing schemes , and bribery", as principal sources of exchange in redistribution politics.
Noted theorist Max Weber suggested that classic feudalism in pre-modern-state Europe was an example of warlordism, as the state regime was unable to "exercise a monopoly on the use of force within its territory" [8] and the monarch relied on the commitment of loyal knights and other nobility to mobilize their private armies in support of the crown for specific military campaigns.
As noted French philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville and political scientists such as E. Under the feudal system of Europe, nobility—whether feudal lords, knights, princes or barons—were warlords in that they served as regional leaders who exercised military, economic and political control over subnational territories and maintained private armies to maintain that status.
While their political power to exercise social order, welfare and regional defense within their territory was derived from hereditary rights or edicts from the monarch, their military strength afforded them independence and strength to negotiate for privileges.
Should the feudal lord or other noble withdraw his support from the king, either in rebellion or to form an alliance with a rival kingdom, that feudal lord or noble was now ascribing to the political order of ungoverned warlordism.
Within political science there is a growing body of research and analysis on warlordism that has emerged within weak states that have gained independence as a result of the collapse of empire.
While warlords are commonly viewed as regional leaders who threaten the sovereignty of a state, there are a number of states where the central government functions in collusion with warlords to achieve its goal of exercising its sovereignty over regions that would otherwise fall outside its control.
In such decentralized states, particularly those where armed groups challenge national sovereignty , warlords can serve as useful allies of a central government that is unable to establish a monopoly over the use of force within its national territory.
As political scientist Dr. Ariel Hernandez documented, one example is the Philippines , where successive presidential administrations—at least since Ferdinand Marcos secured power in —have "franchised violence to regional warlords" to counter the inroads of communist insurgents , Islamic rebels and organized criminal gangs.
This has led to the formation of at least 93 "Partisan Armed Groups", armed militias loyal to regional warlords who, in exchange for their loyalty and willingness to use their private armies to quell the threats from these opposition groups, are granted a degree of autonomy within designated regions, the exclusive right to use violence and the right "to profit from the 'economy of violence' that they establish in their own areas".
Warlordism in Afghanistan—another state where the central government is unable to extend political, military or bureaucratic control over large swaths of territories outside the capital—functions cooperatively within the framework of the state, at times.
The warlords, with their established militias, are able to maintain a monopoly of violence within certain territories.
They form coalitions with competing warlords and local tribal leaders to present the central government with a challenge, and often the state will bargain to gain access to resources or " rent ", loyalty from the warlord and peace in the region.
In exchange for peaceful coexistence, the warlord coalitions are granted special status and privileges, including the right to maintain de facto political rule within the agreed-upon territory, exert force to retain their monopoly over violence and extract rent and resources.
In the case of Afghanistan, the state-warlord bargaining sometimes extends beyond these informal accords and elevates to the status of political clientelism , in which the warlords are appointed to formal government positions, such as regional governor; a title which provides them political legitimacy.
It has been shown that during the state-warlord bargaining phase, warlords in Afghanistan have a high motivation to prolong war to create political instability, expose weakness of the central state, prompt regional criticism against the government and continue economic extraction.
In his study of warlordism in Georgia and Tajikistan , political scientist Jesse Driscoll emphasizes how the collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the entification of militant, independence-seeking nationalist movements within the republics —particularly within the Central Asian and Caucasus regions—resulting in armed conflict and civil war.
Many strongmen warlords had previously served in the Soviet military , police units or intelligence services and had experience operating within highly organized bureaucracies.
These warlords formed well-structured militias that not only established political and economic control over territories, but institutionalized bureaucracies to establish and maintain their monopolies over violence and rent and "incentivizing the behavior of citizens within a particular geographical space".
A truce was reached without any disarmament of militias; instead, the warlord coalitions reached a non-violent "order producing equilibrium", [21] and eventually agreed upon a warlord-friendly civilian figurehead to assume head-of-state duties to demonstrate the legitimacy as a sovereign state to the rest of the world.
This opened up Georgia and Tajikistan as states eligible to receive international aid , which thereafter became a major source of " rent " for the warlords, providing them with resources to increase their power and influence over these societies.
As Driscoll observed, the "warlords colluded to create a state". One political theory, pioneered by American economist Mancur Olson , posits that warlords can function as stationary bandits.
In some African states, warlord politics can be a product of endowment-rich, extractable resources. Some nations, including Liberia and Sierra Leone, have had stationary bandits who use extraction of resources such as diamonds, cobalt and timber " conflict resources " in order to increase their political power.
They often enforce their right to these resources by claiming to be protecting the people. The result is a political system in which a dominant coalition of warlords strips and distributes valuable assets in exchange for bureaucratic services and security from foreign firms.
Stationary bandits can amass power because of their economic connections with foreign firms. Oftentimes warlords will exert violence on a particular region in order to gain control.
Once in control, these warlords can expropriate the property or resources from the people and land and redistribute the riches in exchange for monetary value.
When people live in a particular region dominated by a warlord, they can choose to flee or live within the political structure the warlords have created.
If the warlords provide protection against external threats of violence, the people will be likely to stay and continue living and working in that region, even though they are being extorted.
The trade-off becomes protection for extraction, and this political framework is common in periphery regions of countries which do not have a strong central government.
Modern-day Afghanistan is a multiethnic, multilingual country inhabited by distinct and often competing tribal societies, with its national borders were defined only following the Treaty of Rawalpindi of , signed between the United Kingdom and the Emirate of Afghanistan.
Afghanistan briefly was a democratic state until a coup , which resulted in the April Revolution of Historically, power in Afghanistan has been decentralized and governance delegated locally to ethnic tribal leadership.
Tribal leaders often act as local warlords, representing either a tribal confederacy, a tribal kinship group or a smaller tribal lineage grouping, and are expected to provide security , justice and social services to their respective "constituencies".
The Durand Line , which forms the border between modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan, has proved a source of contention in Afghanistan and a source of challenge for the tribal authorities of Afghanistan.
The line, which was negotiated between British diplomat and civil servant Mortimer Durand and Afghan Emir Abdur Khan , was a political boundary drawn in which clearly defined and demarcated the border between Afghanistan and the British Raj.
Afghanistan unilaterally disputes the legitimacy of the border. The partitioning of their tribal lands is viewed by Pashtun leaders as a threat to their dominance within Afghanistan, emboldening rival ethnic tribes, and has provoked cross-border tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Although the United States and its coalition allies have expended a considerable amount of time, effort and resources attempting to foment the centralization of government and consolidation of power in the state with its seat of power in Kabul , [32] [33] [34] [35] tribal warlords continue to maintain political influence and power throughout the country outside of Kabul.
While most warlords have power vested in them through traditional tribal customs, some hold formal regional government positions, but in both cases cooperation with the central government remains voluntary and reliant on incentives.
Warlordism was widespread in Civil War-era Russia — Many territories were not under the control of either the Red government in Petrograd later in Moscow or the White governments in Omsk and Rostov.
These territories were controlled by warlords of various political colors. The Cossack ataman Semyonov held territories in the Transbaikalia region, and the Bloody Baron Ungern von Sternberg was the dictator of Mongolia for a short time.
Note that White generals such as Kolchak or Denikin are not considered warlords, because they created a legitimate, though troubled, government and military command.
The term "warlord" was frequently used when Russian and Chechen conflicts were reignited in the s. Liberia's former president Charles Taylor was indicted as a diamond -embezzling warlord who aided and abetted African rebels who committed heinous atrocities against millions of African people.
After seizing power from President Samuel Doe in a rebellion, Taylor won elections in His critics say that he bullied and bought his way to power, and once he obtained it he established himself as one of the most brutal and murderous warlords in Africa.
During his term of office Taylor was accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity as a result of his involvement in the Sierra Leone Civil War — His close friends included the late Col.
He was found guilty in April of all 11 charges levied by the Special Court, including terror, murder and rape. A period of provincial and local rule under military strongmen, known as the Warlord era lasted until the Kuomintang KMT; Chinese Nationalist Party consolidated its rule over much of the country under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in Among the prominent leaders called warlords were Yan Xishan in Shanxi province, Feng Yuxiang , and Wu Peifu , who had reputations as reformers; Zhang Zuolin , who ruled in Manchuria until the Japanese invasion of ; and a number of local warlords with nasty reputations, such as Zhang Zongchang.
Although Chiang Kai-shek ascended with legitimacy into his role of leadership of the KMT by succeeding Sun Yat-sen and was recognized by foreign nations, Chiang was accused by some of being a warlord because of his rise by military campaign.
The two-year Northern Expedition campaign —28 not only defeated the Beiyang Army but also toppled the Beiyang government. Chiang additionally conquered and conscripted the forces of rival warlords in the Central Plains War of This war essentially ended the Warlord Period in spite of the continuing autonomy of several provinces.
At the time of disintegration, many warlords tried to enthrone themselves or rule the khanate jointly; however, there had been powerful de facto leaders in all parts of the Mongol Empire before.
The empire and the states that emerged from it were born and shaped in part from the heavy influence of roving bandits. These warlords, such as Genghis Khan and his immediate successors, conquered nearly all of Asia and European Russia and sent armies as far as Central Europe and Southeast Asia.
Warlords in Mongolia could be characterized by this title because of the Mongol Empire's lack of definitive borders and consistent expansion and conquest during the 13th and 14th centuries.
The Twelve Warlords War was a period ranging from —68 characterized by chaos and civil war. As a result, the country fractured into 12 regions, each led by a warlord.
This resulted in conflicts and war among the regional warlords, who all sought to expand their territory and enhance their power.
Warlordism in Europe is usually connected to various mercenary companies and their chieftains, which often were de facto power-holders in the areas where they resided.
Such free companies would arise in a situation when the recognized central power had collapsed, such as in the Great Interregnum in Germany —78 or in France during the Hundred Years' War after the Battle of Poitiers ; and in the Kingdom of Scotland during the Wars of Scottish Independence.
Several condottieri in Italy can also be classified as warlords. The Imperial commanders-in-chief during the reign of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I did hold the title Kriegsherr , of which the direct translation was "warlord", but they were not warlords in the sense of the word today.
Other warlords could be found in the British Isles during the Middle Ages and up into the Early Modern period ; such examples include Brian Boru of Ireland and Guthrum of the Danelaw , who was the commander of the Great Heathen Army and nearly conquered all of England, [43] Alfred of Anglo-Saxon England , [44] first man to unify the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Europe, although it would not be completed until Edward the Elder 's reign, in which he conquered the last remnants of the Danelaw.
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